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2013年12月12日星期四
2013年9月4日星期三
用腦波演奏音樂!!??
科學家研發出了一種新的腦機介面(brain-computer interface),它可以接收人腦所傳遞出來的神經脈衝,並將這些訊息編譯成聽得見的音符!這種科技與先前奧地利Guger科技公司所推出的人腦打字系統「intendiX」、或是用意念控制的義肢,都有異曲同工之妙。這種用腦袋彈奏音符的腦機介面,不僅可以吸引音樂家,還能讓像癱瘓者等有神經肌肉障礙的使用者重拾音樂之樂。
《探索新聞》(Discovery News)報導,使用者戴著一個可接收腦電波的頭盔,專注在螢幕上的四個「按鈕」之上,每個按鈕都會對應到一組音符。使用者的腦部會對每個按鈕各發出不同的電波模式,因此只要使用者專注在其中某一個按鈕上,該按鈕就會自動被選取並對應音符。使用者若要完全精準地選取按鈕,要多花上不少時間來練習校準。艾塞克斯大學(University of Essex)的研究顯示,一位閉鎖症候群(locked-in syndrome)患者便練習了兩個小時,之後她便可順利彈奏音樂。
作曲家暨電腦音樂研究學者米朗達(Eduardo Miranda) 是這套腦機介面音樂系統的創作者,他在十多年前實驗如何用腦波創造音樂時,體認到這種介面在音樂治療的潛力無窮。米朗達團隊希望能提高這套系統的效率,讓使用者不必花大把時間才能學會「演奏」音樂。未來的腦袋彈奏音樂將朝著直覺的算術方法進行,也就是說,不久之後,使用者就能用數數的方式來彈奏出美妙的音符了。
Video:
Video:
2013年9月3日星期二
原是在以前 鋼琴與電報 有過這一段關係
In 1856 The American Telegraph Company purchased the Phelps and Dickerman factory in Troy and placed George Phelps as its Superintendent. Phelps, utilizing his experience with the House and Hughes instruments, continued to conceive improvements to a printing telegraph system and what eventually evolved in 1859 was one of his most notable inventions.
The Phelps Combination Printer or, The American Combination Printer, as it was sometimes called. Although very different from previous printers, it was called The Combination because Phelps took certain features of the House and Hughes printer and then added his own improvements. This printer would become recognized as the most successful type printing telegraph in the world. Phelps used a piano-like keyboard similar to the one on the House printer. It consisted of 28 keys, including a dot and a space key. He retained the improved synchronization concept of the Hughes. He also used his newly invented electro-magnetic governor to obtain higher stable speeds and made provisions for a choice of available power sources.( air, steam, and later electric motor) Soon after its introduction this printer was put to heavy use for nearly twenty years on some of the more important circuits in the East between Boston, Albany, New York, Philadelphia, and Washington . Two leading authorities on telegraph technology in the 19th century had the following to say about this printer. Franklin Pope: " As an example of consummate skill in mechanical design, this apparatus stands unapproached in its department of technology." George Prescott: " The operation of this instrument becomes more and more satisfactory every day, and is looked upon by all who have become familiar with its performances as the best telegraphic apparatus which has yet been produced." Its output was once measured during a eight and a half hour period between New York and Philadelphia. It transmitted 670 commercial length messages during that period and part of the time the instrument sat idle. Some of the instruments showed only minimal wear after printing over 5000 miles of paper. It should also be pointed out that in comparing the efficiency of this printer with conventional Morse transmission, that it typically takes multiple pulses of current to send a character using Morse Code on a circuit. With this printer, a single pulse can produce any character.
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